{"action":"create","ckan_id":null,"date_created":"Thu, 12 Mar 2026 06:47:55 GMT","date_finished":null,"harvest_job_id":"29fb7573-ed8e-4de7-a914-3817238fb23e","harvest_source_id":"c9b25d3a-f997-484c-92d5-c9348dca1f2f","id":"02626d42-72bb-46d3-949c-a332ebacd5c0","identifier":"https://data.noaa.gov/waf/NOAA/NESDIS/ncei/paleo/iso/xml/noaa-recon-6244.xml","parent_identifier":null,"source_hash":"e5731cfdf51def2ce7501d389376ab7375b17409792fe1038e30318571a373b0","source_raw":"\r\n \r\n noaa-recon-6244\r\n \r\n \r\n eng; USA\r\n \r\n \r\n utf8\r\n \r\n \r\n dataset\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology\r\n \r\n \r\n Data Center Contact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 828-271-4800\r\n \r\n \r\n 303-497-6513\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 325 Broadway, E/NE31\r\n \r\n \r\n Boulder\r\n \r\n \r\n CO\r\n \r\n \r\n 80305-3328\r\n \r\n \r\n USA\r\n \r\n \r\n paleo@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2024-05-15\r\n \r\n \r\n ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data\r\n \r\n \r\n ISO 19115-2:2009(E)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mann et al. 2000 Global Temperature Patterns in Past Centuries: Interactive Presentation\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2003-05-08\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n doi:10.25921/d00y-nd51\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n noaa-recon-6244\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI DSI 1200_02\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI DSI 1200_01\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Mann, M.E.\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Mann, M.E.\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Gille, E.P.\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Gille, E.P.\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Bradley, R.S.\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Bradley, R.S.\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Hughes, M.K.\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Hughes, M.K.\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Overpeck, J.T.\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Overpeck, J.T.\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Keimig, F.T.\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Keimig, F.T.\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Gross, W.S.\r\n \r\n \r\n originator\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Gross, W.S.\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n tableDigital\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 220 to -30 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.\r\n \r\n \r\n Records of past temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables derived from paleoclimate proxies. Parameter keywords describe what was measured in this data set. Additional summary information can be found in the abstracts of papers listed in the data set citations.\r\n \r\n \r\n completed\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA World Data Service for Paleoclimatology\r\n \r\n \r\n Data Center Contact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 828-271-4800\r\n \r\n \r\n 303-497-6513\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 325 Broadway, E/NE31\r\n \r\n \r\n Boulder\r\n \r\n \r\n CO\r\n \r\n \r\n 80305-3328\r\n \r\n \r\n USA\r\n \r\n \r\n paleo@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n pointOfContact\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/webimages/pc-default-recon.png\r\n \r\n \r\n Paleoclimatology - Climate Reconstruction\r\n \r\n \r\n PNG\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Paleoclimate Indicators > Paleoclimate Reconstructions\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2025\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 22\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords\r\n \r\n \r\n GCMD Keyword Forum Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > climate reconstructions\r\n \r\n \r\n earth science > paleoclimate > reconstructions\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2025\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 22\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords\r\n \r\n \r\n GCMD Keyword Forum Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Air Temperature Reconstruction\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n What: temperature; Material: multiple proxies\r\n \r\n \r\n What: temperature; Material: multiple proxies\r\n \r\n \r\n What: temperature; Material: multiple proxies\r\n \r\n \r\n What: longitude; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: latitude; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n What: age; Material: null\r\n \r\n \r\n theme\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Paleoenvironmental Standard Terms (PaST) Thesaurus\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/paleoenvironmental-standard-terms-thesaurus\r\n \r\n \r\n PaST Thesaurus\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Geographic Region > Global > Global > LATITUDE > LONGITUDE\r\n \r\n \r\n place\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce\r\n \r\n \r\n dataCentre\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Data Center Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2025\r\n \r\n \r\n revision\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 22\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD%2BKeywords\r\n \r\n \r\n GCMD Keyword Forum Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). URL (GCMD Keyword Forum Page): https://forum.earthdata.nasa.gov/app.php/tag/GCMD+Keywords\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n custodian\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Cite as: Mann, M.E.; Gille, E.P.; Bradley, R.S.; Hughes, M.K.; Overpeck, J.T.; Keimig, F.T.; Gross, W.S. (2003-05-08): NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Mann et al. 2000 Global Temperature Patterns in Past Centuries: Interactive Presentation. [indicate subset used]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. https://doi.org/10.25921/d00y-nd51. Accessed [date].\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Distribution liability: NOAA and NCEI make no warranty, expressed or implied, regarding these data, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NCEI cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data. If appropriate, NCEI can only certify that the data it distributes are an authentic copy of the records that were accepted for inclusion in the NCEI archives.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Use liability: NOAA and NCEI cannot provide any warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of furnished data. Users assume responsibility to determine the usability of these data. The user is responsible for the results of any application of this data for other than its intended purpose\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n None\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n otherRestrictions\r\n \r\n \r\n Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Global Temperature Patterns in Past Centuries: An interactive presentation\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 2000\r\n \r\n \r\n publication\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Mann, M.E., E.P. Gille, R.S. Bradley, M.K. Hughes, J.T. Overpeck, F.T. Keimig and W. Gross\r\n \r\n \r\n author\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Earth Interactions\r\n \r\n \r\n publisher\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.1175/1087-3562(2000)004<0001:GTPIPC>2.3.CO;2\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n Associated Reference published 2000\r\n \r\n \r\n Mann, M.E., E.P. Gille, R.S. Bradley, M.K. Hughes, J.T. Overpeck, F.T. Keimig and W. Gross, 2000: Global Temperature Patterns in Past Centuries: An interactive presentation. Earth Interactions, 4, 1-29, 10.1175/1087-3562(2000)004<0001:GTPIPC>2.3.CO;2\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n crossReference\r\n \r\n \r\n sciencePaper\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n eng; USA\r\n \r\n \r\n geoscientificInformation\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Date Range: 1730 CE to 1980 CE; Date Range: 220 cal yr BP to -30 cal yr BP;\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n -180\r\n \r\n \r\n 180\r\n \r\n \r\n -90\r\n \r\n \r\n 90\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n 1730\r\n 1980\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n STUDY NOTES: The data is split into three subcategories: annual, warm season and cold season. In each category there is Reconstructed Data(1730-1980), Raw Instrumental Data- Verification(1854-1901), Calibration(1902-1993), and Eigenvector Filtered Raw Data(1902-1993). Data can be found in annual grids or time series at one particular grid cell, There were 1082 grid cells available for the calibration period and 219 available for the verification period. See original reference and additional reference for full description of methods. \r\nABSTRACT SUPPLIED BY ORIGINATOR: The recent availability of global networks of annual or seasonal resolution proxy data, combined with the few long instrumental and historical climate records available during the past few centuries, make it possible now to reconstruct annual and seasonal spatial patterns of temperature variation, as well as hemispheric, global-mean, and regional temperature trends, several centuries back in time. Reconstructions of large-scale global or hemispheric trends during centuries past can place the instrumental assessments of climate during the twentieth century in a longer-term perspective and provide more robust evidence regarding the roles of potential climate forcings over time. The reconstructed spatial patterns lead to important inferences regarding ENSO-scale variability, the spatial influences of climatic forcings, and the regional patterns that underlie large-scale climate variations. Here proxy-based annual global temperature pattern reconstructions described recently by Mann et al. are expanded upon. For the first time seasonally resolved versions of the proxy-reconstructed surface temperature patterns are presented, and the seasonal differences between key climate indices and patterns of variations are diagnosed. The reader is enabled to interactively examine spatial as well as temporal details (and their uncertainties) of yearly temperatures back in time for both annual-mean and seasonal windows. Annual and seasonal time histories of reconstructed Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, and global-mean temperature are made available, as are time histories of the Ni\u00f1o-3 index describing El Ni\u00f1o\u2013related variations, time histories for particular regions of interest such as North America and Europe, and time series for temperature variations in different (e.g., tropical and extratropical) latitude bands. Time histories for specific grid points are available along with their estimated uncertainties. Time histories for the different eigenvectors [i.e., the reconstructed principal components (RPCs)] are also available, along with the raw instrumental series, which underlie the temperature pattern reconstructions. For both the annual-mean and seasonally resolved temperature reconstructions, the reader can directly compare reconstructed patterns for different years, as well as the raw and reconstructed patterns during calibration and verification intervals, and view animated year-by-year sequences of reconstructed global temperature patterns. The statistical relationships between climate forcings and temperature variations are also analyzed in more detail, taking into account potential lagged responses to climate forcings in empirical attribution analyses.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n ncei.info@noaa.gov\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Contact Information\r\n \r\n \r\n Information for contacts at NCEI.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n distributor\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n In most cases, electronic downloads of the data are free. However, fees may apply for custom orders, data certifications, copies of analog materials, and data distribution on physical media.\r\n \r\n \r\n Contact NCEI for other distribution options and instructions.\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n Native Format(s)\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://doi.org/10.25921/d00y-nd51\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Landing Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Metadata Landing Page\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6244\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Web Browser\r\n \r\n \r\n NOAA Study Page\r\n \r\n \r\n Study page with data access information.\r\n \r\n \r\n search\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Information\r\n \r\n \r\n NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page\r\n \r\n \r\n General information for this data type.\r\n \r\n \r\n information\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2000/\r\n \r\n \r\n HTTPS\r\n \r\n \r\n Download\r\n \r\n \r\n /contributions_by_author/mann2000/\r\n \r\n \r\n Data Folder\r\n \r\n \r\n download\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n asNeeded\r\n \r\n \r\n This ISO metadata record was translated from DIF metadata using dif-9x-to-iso-19115-2.xsl Version: 2022-06-21\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n","source_transform":{"@type":"dcat:Dataset","accessLevel":"non-public","contactPoint":{"fn":"Not provided - Contact data.gov","hasEmail":"mailto:datagovsupport@gsa.gov"},"describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of climate reconstructions with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 220 to -30 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.","distribution":[{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"NCEI landing page with general information and links to access the data.","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.25921/d00y-nd51","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"Metadata Landing Page"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Study page with data access information.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/6244","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"NOAA Study Page"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"General information for this data type.","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/paleoclimatology/climate-reconstruction","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"NCEI Climate Reconstruction Page"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Data Folder","downloadURL":"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2000/","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"/contributions_by_author/mann2000/"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Mann, M.E., E.P. Gille, R.S. Bradley, M.K. Hughes, J.T. Overpeck, F.T. Keimig and W. Gross, 2000: Global Temperature Patterns in Past Centuries: An interactive presentation. Earth Interactions, 4, 1-29, 10.1175/1087-3562(2000)004<0001:GTPIPC>2.3.CO;2","downloadURL":"https://doi.org/10.1175/1087-3562(2000)004<0001:GTPIPC>2.3.CO;2","mediaType":"placeholder/value","title":"Associated Reference published 2000"},{"@type":"dcat:Distribution","describedByType":"application/octet-steam","description":"Global Change Master Directory (GCMD). 2025. GCMD Keywords, Version 22. Greenbelt, MD: Earth Science Data and Information System, Earth Science Projects Division, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). 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