{"action":"create","ckan_id":null,"date_created":"Wed, 28 Jan 2026 04:46:25 GMT","date_finished":null,"harvest_job_id":"57389b8d-43cf-462e-ae72-8757a66f3509","harvest_source_id":"f4c7bbab-c7ef-4277-a7d3-c25b78854814","id":"a3ac3d10-3998-4ece-89ed-6aaf8dabc9e3","identifier":"https://dggs.alaska.gov/webpubs/metadata/RI2022-4.xml","parent_identifier":null,"source_hash":"35ea4172264576a994cf07d1f03e67a9503f48b1030ec2159833c0d17443f0c7","source_raw":"Hudson, TravisPlafker, GeorgeRubin, Meyer2022Tectonic controls on marine terrace origin and character in the Lituya Bay area, eastern Gulf of AlaskatableReport of InvestigationRI 2022-4Fairbanks, Alaska, United StatesAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys27 p.https://doi.org/10.14509/30903Tectonic controls on marine terrace origin and character in the Lituya Bay area, eastern Gulf of Alaska, Report of Investigation 2022-4, presents radiocarbon data collected from deformed terraces along 65 km of the coast between Fairweather Glacier and Icy Point in the Lituya Bay area of the eastern Gulf of Alaska. From Fairweather Glacier to Lituya Bay one prominent terrace flanks the coastal mountain front, and isolated remnants of a lower, younger terrace occur landward of a wide prograded coastal plain. From Lituya Bay to Crillon River a sequence of five well-developed terraces bevel the coastal foothills. From Finger Glacier to Icy Point four terraces and the possible remnants of a fifth occur. The terraces form an arch with an axis of maximum uplift near La Perouse Glacier. The deformation is progressively greater in the older terraces and shoreline angle relief on the highest terrace is 100 m or more. The terraces are of Pleistocene and Holocene age. The oldest terrace studied is not well dated but the next oldest may have formed during the post-Wisconsin sea level rise. The three Holocene terraces probably formed about 3,500 (3,990-2,960 cal yr BP), 1,000, and 500 years ago. Ongoing uplift and arching of the coastal zone may mark renewal of mid-Pleistocene folding, but Holocene uplift has taken place as discrete events that were probably accompanied by earthquakes. At least five uplift events have taken place between Lituya Bay and Icy Point in the past 3,000 to 4,000 years, which imply an average recurrence interval of ~500 years. Because recurrence of events that uplifted the terraces is distinctly longer than the average earthquake recurrence interval for the nearby Fairweather fault, coastal uplift may occur independently. The Finger Glacier fault displaces the Holocene terraces and may be a developing link between the onshore and offshore segments of the Fairweather fault. Sample descriptions, locations, and types are included in the analytical data table. The data are available from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/30903.This study was implemented to determine the distribution, morphologic character, and age of the Lituya Bay terraces. This work highlights the role of tectonic processes in developing and changing coastal features of the Lituya Bay area>c14-data: radiocarbon data19702022publication dateCompleteNone planned-137.810000-137.45000058.74778058.547500ISO 19115 Topic CategorygeoscientificInformationAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysCoastalCoastal PlainCoastal and RiverDGGSDebris FlowDebris Flow DepositDeepwater Depositional SystemEarthquakeEarthquake Related Slope FailureFault DisplacementFaultingFaultsMarineMarine GeologyTectonicsTerraceTsunamiUpliftAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysCape YakatagaEagle CreekFairweather GlacierFinger GlacierGulf of AlaskaLituya BayPortage CreekAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysCenotaph VolcanicsTopsy FormationYakataga FormationWalker, J.D., Geissman, J.W., Bowring, S.A, and Babcock, L.E., comp., 2012, Geologic Time Scale v. 4.0: Geological Society of AmericaHoloceneMiocenePleistoceneTertiaryThis report, map, and/or dataset is available directly from the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (see contact information below).Any hard copies or published datasets utilizing these datasets shall clearly indicate their source. If the user has modified the data in any way, the user is obligated to describe the types of modifications the user has made. The user specifically agrees not to misrepresent these datasets, nor to imply that changes made by the user were approved by the State of Alaska, Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. The State of Alaska makes no express or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysMetadata Managermailing and physical
3354 College Road
FairbanksAK99709-3707USA(907)451-5020(907)451-5050dggspubs@alaska.gov8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidaysPlease view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.At the time of this study, Daniel Mann provided several useful discussions of the history of the Lituya Bay area, Ian Worley kindly shared some unpublished data on the distribution of the terraces, and Dorothy Fisher, Susan Karl, and William Pickthorn assisted in various stages of the field work. Russel G. Tysdal was an important part of the peat-coring team. Fieldwork was completed in 1975 and 1978 and we benefited greatly from the guidance and review comments on our original manuscript provided by Ken Lajoie in 1981. In the 1990s, Mary and Irv Tailleur saved us a lot of retyping time by providing an electronic copy of the original manuscript. This report would not have been resurrected from cardboard boxes on a garage shelf without the support and help of Marti L. Miller, Robert C. Witter, and Adrian Bender. Marti supported all of our efforts to update, revise, and publish the report. Robert provided excellent guidance, editing, and review as well as calibration of the original C-14 dates. Adrian was instrumental in redoing the original line drawings and adapting them to a geographic information system using 5-m resolution elevation data. The evolved manuscript benefited from helpful reviews provided by Harvey Kelsey, Frederic H. Wilson, and Marti L. Miller.The errors reported include the one-sigma statistical counting errors and an error multiplier of three (except in the three determinations where the error is listed as less than 100 years). Calibrated ages are calculated using OxCal (version 4.2.4, Ramsey [2009]; 95 percent probability distribution at 2 sigma) with the IntCal13 dataset of Reimer and others (2013) and are reported in solar years to the nearest decade. The data and interpretations have been reviewed by several scientists familiar with the geologic context.Not applicableThis data release is complete.Samples were collected in 1975 and 1978. Locations were identified using 1:63,360 topographic maps, 1:20,000-scale aerial photographs, and surveying altimeters calibrated to sea-level\r\nat the beginning and end of each traverse. Sample locations were plotted on 1:63,360 topographic maps and geographic coordinates were calculated using GIS software. The location error is likely in the range of 100 meters.Hofstra, A.H.Kreiner, D.C.2020Systems-deposits-commodities-critical minerals table for the earth mapping resources initiativeOpen-File ReportOF 2022-1042United StatesU.S. Geological Survey24 phttps://dggs.alaska.gov/pubs/id/30874report2020publication dateHofstra, A.H. and Kreiner, D.C., 2020data compilationU.S. Geological Survey2018Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF)UnknownU.S. Geological Surveyhttp://ardf.wr.usgs.govreport2018publication dateU.S. Geological Survey, 2018data compilationSample collection - Fieldwork was completed in 1975 (peat coring) and 1978, was facilitated by use of helicopter and included foot traverses across the terrace sequences and measurements of topographic profiles and spot elevations with surveying altimeters calibrated to sea-level at the beginning and end of each traverse. The field observations were combined with the study of 1:20,000-scale aerial photographs to produce maps of the terraces showing their distribution and relation to other geomorphic features. Sample locations were plotted on 1:63,360 topographic maps and geographic coordinates were calculated using GIS software.2016Carbon 14 dating - Our efforts to determine the ages of the terraces mostly involved C-14 dating of basal peat accumulations on them. The peat accumulations were sampled with a modified Livingston corer. Cores were recovered in about 1 m lengths and extruded in the field. Total length of core taken was determined by the resistance of sediment; penetration was to a depth where resistance exceeded the weight of two people. Most cores bottomed in sterile sediment, some in gravel, and a few in wood. The interval of core dated was the lowest 8 cm of organic material at the bottom of the core. If a rerun second sample was analyzed, the material came from the next highest 8 cm or of a split of the original sample where available. Material dated consisted of peat and wood as indicated in the data table. In a few cases, the peat was diluted with sufficient mineral matter to be considered an organic-rich sediment. Pretreatment of samples of peat and organic sediment consisted of boiling in acid, a quick heating in alkali solution, and a hot acid wash; each separated by distilled water rinses. Some samples were given only the acid pretreatment. Wood samples were given full pretreatment of acid, alkali, and acid. The C-14 dates were originally based on the Libby half-life (5568 +/- 30 yr.), referenced to the year A.D. 1950. The dates were not corrected for fractionation by a C-13 measurement. The errors reported include the one-sigma statistical counting errors and an error multiplier of three (except in the three determinations where the error is listed as less than 100 years). Calibrated ages are calculated using OxCal (version 4.2.4, Ramsey [2009]; 95 percent probability distribution at 2 sigma) with the IntCal13 dataset of Reimer and others (2013) and are reported in solar years to the nearest decade. Protocols and uncertainties are described and referenced in the accompanying report.2013point.0000001.0000001decimal degreesNAD27Clarke 18666378206.4294.9786982ri2022-004-c14-data.csv, ri2022-004-c14-data-dictionary.csvradiocarbon dataUSGS, DGGSc14-dataAlaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysMetadata Managermailing and physical
3354 College Road
FairbanksAK99709-3707USA(907)451-5020(907)451-5050dggspubs@alaska.gov8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidaysPlease view our website (https://www.dggs.alaska.gov) for the latest information on available data. Please contact us using the e-mail address provided above when possible.RI 2022-4The State of Alaska makes no expressed or implied warranties (including warranties for merchantability and fitness) with respect to the character, functions, or capabilities of the electronic data or products or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. In no event will the State of Alaska be liable for any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or other damages suffered by the user or any other person or entity whether from the use of the electronic services or products or any failure thereof or otherwise. In no event will the State of Alaska's liability to the Requestor or anyone else exceed the fee paid for the electronic service or product.DGGS publications are available as free online downloads or you may purchase paper hard-copies or digital files on CD/DVD or other digital storage media by mail, phone, fax, or email from the DGGS Fairbanks office. To purchase this or other printed reports and maps, contact DGGS by phone (907-451-5020), e-mail (dggspubs@alaska.gov), or fax (907-451-5050). Payment accepted: Cash, check, money order, VISA, or MasterCard. Turnaround time is 1-2 weeks unless special arrangements are made and an express fee is paid. Shipping charge will be the actual cost of postage and will be added to the total amount due. Contact us for the exact shipping amount.Contact DGGS for current pricingtable20221020tabular datahttps://doi.org/10.14509/30903Free download20221020Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical SurveysSimone MontayneMetadata Managermailing and physical
3354 College Road
FairbanksAK99709-3707USA(907)451-5020(907)451-5050dggspubs@alaska.gov8 am to 4:30 pm, Monday through Friday, except State holidaysFGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial MetadataFGDC-STD-001-1998If the user has modified the data in any way they are obligated to describe the types of modifications they have performed in the supporting metadata file. User specifically agrees not to imply that changes they made were approved by the Alaska Department of Natural Resources or Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys.https://dggs.alaska.gov/metadata/dggs.extdggs metadata extensions","source_transform":null,"status":"error"}